The Skin Cells

To better understand skin reactions, it is useful to know the different cells and types of cells that make up the skin system and that interact with medical-aesthetic treatments.

Here are some key cells to know:

1. Keratinocytes

• Description

These are the main cells of the epidermis, accounting for about 90% of skin cells. They produce keratin, a protein that forms a protective barrier for the skin.

• Role in Skin Reactions

Keratinocytes play an essential role in protection against external aggressions, such as UV rays and chemicals. They also participate in wound healing and the inflammatory response by releasing cytokines.

 2. Melanocytes

• Description

Located in the basal layer of the epidermis, melanocytes are responsible for the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin.

• Role in Skin Reactions

During sun exposure or inflammation, melanocytes can increase melanin production, leading to pigmented spots or hyperpigmentation.

3. Fibroblasts

• Description

These cells are primarily found in the dermis and are responsible for the production of collagen, elastin, and other components of the extracellular matrix.

• Role in Skin Reactions

Fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair. They respond to injury signals by producing more collagen and altering the structure of the skin.

4. Immune Cells (Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Mast Cells)

• Lymphocytes

These cells play a key role in the immune response. T lymphocytes, in particular, are involved in the defense against infections and diseases.

• Macrophages

These phagocytic cells help eliminate cellular debris and initiate the inflammatory response by releasing cytokines.

• Mast cells

Present in connective tissue, mast cells release histamine and other chemical mediators during allergic reactions, leading to redness, itching, and swelling.

 

5. Langerhans cells

• Description

These are dendritic cells located in the epidermis, which play a key role in the cutaneous immune response.

• Role in Skin Reactions

They capture antigens and present them to T lymphocytes, thereby initiating the immune response. They are also involved in allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.

6. Adipocytes

• Description

These are fat cells found in the subcutaneous tissue.

• Role in Skin Reactions

Adipocytes play a role in regulating body temperature and serve as an energy reserve. They can also influence inflammation and wound healing.

Understanding the role of these different cells in the skin system helps to better grasp skin reactions, whether they are due to medical-aesthetic treatments, allergies, infections, or other environmental factors. Each type of cell plays a unique role, and their interaction is essential for maintaining the integrity of the skin and responding to external aggressions.

If you wish to deepen your knowledge about skin cells or get advice on skin care, feel free to consult our team of experts.